Dussera and Vijaydasami same festival different messages

It is festival season in India. There are celebrations everywhere. Streets are illuminated with colorful and flashing lights. Pandals(tents) Comes up in every nook and corner of the cities, towns and villages. The size and decor of the pandals and the idols installed is usually an indication of the financial health of the neighborhood.  It is time for artists, local and nationally reputed to market their talents. Evenings are packed with cultural programs, dance, drama and concerts. Local and budding talents see this as a window of opportunity to showcase their talent. Famed artists are overbooked, one can say it is a harvest season for all varieties. 

The celebrations as I mentioned is across the nation from Kashmir to Kanyakumari and Bengal to the Kutch of Gujarat. The historians of the independent India may claim India as a nation was born in 1947. However, there are tons of traces that reveals the common thread binding the ancient India with one culture and many diversities. The diversity is that the celebrations are known differently. For example, the same festival is Dussera in some part and Vijaydasami in other parts of the country. The common thread is that these names are celebration of virtue winning over evil. The underlying message is the same. The significance is in the way it is celebrated. As an example in Dussera, it is all about war and the overpowering of the evil person and killing him. The celebration ends with killing the evil minded. The effigies of the evil person is burnt as a symbolism of the end of the individual who was personified as the evil. In this form of celebrations the evil person is in prominence and not the evil in itself. That is why we find it necessary to burn the effigy of the person. This is a form of celebration where the might is glorified. 

Now let us examine the Vijayadasami celebrations. It also celebrates the win of virtue over evil. However, the theme in this celebration is different. We can see it from the format followed in the Vijayadasami celebrations. Vijayadasami celebrations focuses attention on transforming the evil minded to a virtuous person. It emphasis on removing ignorance by imparting knowledge. Vijayadasami emphasizes on winning over the intellect of the evil minded as opposed to overpowering physically. Vijayadasami celebrations symbolizes removing darkness from the misguided and imparting knowledge and virtue. Vijayadasami is thus celebrated as the Vidhyarambham, initiation of learning.

There is nothing wrong in either way of the celebrations, nor we can say one is right and other is wrong. Both are right in their own way. However, the focus on the evil and transformational approach will result into sustainable and rewarding outcome. This approach comes from the acknowledgement of the virtue by the transformed and adopted rather than forced acceptance. In today's context what we need is adoption not imposition. The society is ladden with a number of evils perpetuated by the earlier generations. The new generations should be willing to recognize it and move on with the transformational approach. Those who are descendants of the fortunates in the old system should be willing to acknowlede the oppression and work shoulder to shoulder to create a modern society with equal opportunity and respect. Those whose older generations were subjects of oppression will be better off if they adopt a forward looking approach towards life. If our society is able to adopt the Vijayadasami format of celebrations, it is certain that we will have a much more tolerant and peaceful living condition amongst us.

Gift of Toy Car

A post by one of my Facebook friends inspired me to write this. In her post, she narrated the sentimental value of a watch which was gifted to her by her Dad on her High School graduation. She went on to say how precious the gift was and how even the mechanically dysfunctional watch refreshes her memories. Her post took me to a journey through my memory lane.

Almost around the same time period my friend received the gift from her father, a conversation took place with me and my eldest nephew. He then used to live with us as we both were working in the same city. Every month my nephew bring home some or the other gifts and give to my children. Most often, the gift used to be good quality toy cars.  My elder child was then under 8 and the younger one under 3. Over a period my children had a good collection of these toy cars. Once I asked my nephew, why are you bringing these toys every month? The children now got enough of them. Here is how he replied.  “Mama (is how my nephew used to affectionately call me), don’t stop me from what I am doing. You probably don’t know the value of toys, especially when you receive it as a gift. I have often watched my friends proudly display and tell stories about the gifts that they received in my childhood. I often wished if I had someone who would gift me one. I can afford it now, so I am buying and giving to those whom I love. When I see the happiness in the children when they receive these little things, I recall my childhood, feel as if my desire is getting fulfilled. I will continue to do this as long as I can afford. It is a wealth I accumulate much more than what I do by investing my money somewhere else”.

I did not discourage my nephew from continuing his indulgence, probably because the beneficiaries were my own children. Knowing me what I am when comes to utilizing your resources, I think I would have reacted differently and given some stupid lecture on financial responsibility etc. I was too naïve to understand the joy of toys and gifts. I continued to be so several years after that, may be even now. I continued to treat gifts as objects and assessed it based on its utility in fulfilling the necessities of life. It took several insensitive and deplorable actions on my part before I realized that gifts has more value than the dollar or rupee that could buy that item. I want to narrate two of several such insensitive actions of mine without realizing that those were hurtful.

One day I had some additional documents to carry to my work. I was searching for a bag and my daughter came and gave me a nice shoulder bag. It was a handicraft product one of her cousins sent a gift. In the office a colleague of mine said she liked the bag. I told my colleague that if she like it so much she can have it. My colleague told no but I insisted that the bag is from India and if she so much liked it, she can take it and I will buy another one for my daughter during my next trip to India. I gave the bag to that colleague. I came back home and narrated the story to my daughter and wife. My daughter who is by nature a benevolent giver, did not express any emotions in my magnanimity at that time, nor did she complain much. However, several years after that incident she still remembered that I parted away her precious gift to someone else without even consulting her. It took years for me to realize that it is not the material and the design of the bag but the sentiments associated with giver and the gift which is irreplaceable.

The second incident was more unpalatable than the first. I met the wife of one of my nephews several year after their marriage. Our trip home hardly happened around the same time as we lived in two different continents. She brought two gifts for us. One for me and another one for my wife. I accepted my gift and thanked her for it. I on the same spot gave away the same gift to one of my siblings. Little did I realize that I could hurt her sentiments by not keeping the gift which she took all the pain to shop and wrap with love and sentiments.  I learnt it later but it was too late before I realized that no amount of apology would heal the wounds of hurt I inflicted on her.

Unknowingly, we part away things to others without realizing the sentimental value associated with it. As a child, I was raised in a big family and somehow developed a habit of sharing what you have with others. I valued and enjoyed it all along.  But incidents like the above and several other things in life taught me that possessiveness is not a sin when it comes to love and sentiments.  

CC ticket

A tweet by a prominent Member of Parliament from Kerala prompted me to write this article. The MP tweeted a picture of flagging off a school bus and lamented the sorry state of transport for School children in India. It is not unusual for political leaders to express concern on issues touching common people. The point is not the concern itself but the way it was expressed by a leader of a political party which ruled post independent India for more than 80% of the time. 

I grew up in A village in Kerala, the southernmost state in India. I went to a Government school in the village which was a little over one kilometers from my home. The concept of private school was only prevalent in big cities and therefore children of rich and poor all went to the same school. The only other educational institution in those days in the village was a Madrasa, which imparted religious education. The Madrasa timings were early so that the students can join the regular school. There were no roads so we all walked to school. Children came bare foot from all sides of the village. Around the school timing, you will see formation of small tributaries of little children merging and becoming a huge human chain of girls and boys. The line included children from all religion and caste. Religious and caste conflicts were unheard to us in those days. However, I heard that there were upper class households which mandated a mandatory bath in the pond every afternoon upon return from school. While it is a good practice to take bath after walking the dusty and muddy village walking trails, the reason attributed to the compulsory bath was linked to the caste system and untouchability prevalent in those days.

The village school was only upto seventh grade and thus was called upper primary school. The next level of schooling was in the High school which was six kilometer away. Luckily for me, two years before I was ready for High School, an old Sanskrit college was revived and resumed as an oriental high school which was four kilometers away from my home. Some children continues to go to the High School in The town as the one closer mandated Sanskrit as the main language.  Ours was the third batch after this new high school came into existence. We mostly walked through the mountainous trails to the school. There was an option to take bus but the walk to and from the bus stop was almost half of the total distance to the School. 

Those students in the town high school took the bus. There was only one bus around the school time in our route during my time. Students were allowed a fifty percent concession in bus fares. The bus fare to the town was twenty paise and the students are required to pay ten paise only. This concession used to be called CC ticket. I think the name CC came from college concession as when it started only college students were using the bus service. The funny part of the CC ticket was that, even today, it is mandated by the government and applicable only in private buses. The government run KSRTC buses did not entertain student concession CC ticket.  You only need a note book in your hand to claim eligibility for this concessions. The bus owners tried every possible ways to introduce a pass system but could never implement. The other funny thing was the full fare kept on increasing year after year but the CC ticket rate remained fifty percent of the original base full year. This continued for several years.  Thanks to the student wings of the political parties who kept the pressure on the government. I heard that recently the CC ticket rates were marginally increased. 

The bus used to be utterly overcrowded. If the seating capacity is for 52 passengers, one can see equal amount of students standing inside and another 52 hanging all over the bus from footboards, the driver side door, the luggage ladder in the rear and at times heroically seated on roof tops. Hanging from footboards is considered to be heroic and many boys regularly did this to impress girls. Road safety norms were not on the statute books during those days. 

In conclusion, transportation facilities to students were never an item in the government agenda for any parties. If it was the government would have introduced school buses long ago, at least not disallowed CC ticket in KSRTC buses.  One noteworthy thing was that at least Kerala had the CC ticket, the condition of students in other states were worse. As an example, the only way was Rickshaw or the shikshaw(punishment) of walk if you don't have your own vehicle.

My first train journey Episode 1

It was in the year 1975, I had just finished my pre-degree course in college. I was at a crossroad in my life on what next. Two options were in front of me, buy a part time teacher's job and become an earning member of the family or continue my education.  Knowing that my father did not have the financial capacity to purchase a teacher job for me, the only way to get employed in Kerala, I chose not to pursue the teacher route and decided to leave Kerala. I was able to convince my sister to procure a visa for me to UP where she used to live with her husband. I used the term visa which is more commonly understood by migrant job seekers and their families in Kerala. Keralites were well recognized for their work culture when they are out of Kerala so with that reputation built by my predecessors, not of my contributions at that time, my brother-in-law was able to obtain a promise of employment with a company in Allahabad. I felt recognized at least outside my home state and my Preparation for the long journey out of Kerala began.

Kerala was not well connected with Indian cities by rail in those days. The only Metro city to which we had direct train was Madras, now Chennai. One has to change train in Madras to go to other places, Allahabad did not have a direct train from Madras either. There were two compartments for Varanasi attached to the link express to Delhi. These compartments were detached in Itarsi, a city in the Madhya Pradesh State and then linked to the Kashi express run between Bombay and Varanasi. The total duration of the journey was 3 nights and four days including lay over time. I guess the total distance was 2600 KM.

The nearest train station where we could reserve a berth in train was Shornur Jn. I booked my ticket to Madras(now Chennai) with an onward reservation request till Allahabad. Onward reservation took a week or more to get confirmed. I made several rounds to Shornur to check the status but every time, I got the message that there was no message.

 During one such trip to Shornur to confirm my onward reservation, I met a guy who introduced himself to me as Peter. Peter asked me where I am heading to. I narrated my story and itinerary to Peter. I had no coaching or the sort not to talk to a stranger. Peter assessed me and targeted me as his next prey. Realizing that I am desperate to find a job, Peter offered me help. He convinced me about his connections in the Indian Railways and promised a job of electrician with a salary of 600 rupees, a quarter to live and even a time bound promotion and higher pay. Peter fixed our travel to the next day. He asked to come with cash for the ticket but not buy it. He suggested that he would use his relationship with the TTE to get a good seat in the night train and will pay the TTE. The innocent Mohanan within me believed the Good Samaritan Peter and returned home to prepare for the big journey. Reaching home, I presented the conversation with Peter verbatim to my parents. To them Peter was God descended on earth to help their son. Alterations to my travel plan was approved and I set out seeking blessings of my elders, a customary practice, before the big journey began the next day. I went to the Railway Station as planned. My third brother-in-law came with me to see off me at the train station. We waited for Peter but he was nowhere to be seen. Those were not the days of cell phones, not even land phones in many household. Our train was at midnight. We continued to wait for Peter and suddenly we saw commotion on the railway platform, police chasing a person and ultimately caught the culprit. A few minutes later the Railway police summoned me to their office and asked whether Peter took money from me. Peter confessed to the police that I was one of his five or six targets and his intention was to rob the money from us and vanish. I explained my encounter with Peter. Knowing that I had a travel plan to Allahabad(I had not cancelled my ticket), police recorded my brother in law as a witness in the case and let us free. Later my brother-in-law told me that he had to go to the Court as a witness a few time. 

Thus my first long distance train journey to Allahabad began as per original schedule with all my personal belongings packed in a newly painted light blue metal suite case.

To be continued in Episode 2.

Why I chose Sanskrit in School

 In High School and in the first two years of College, I studied Sanskrit. Those were not the days where the students chose what they study, you just pursue what was chosen for you by your parents or some knowledgeable persons in the village, mostly your teachers in High School. You don't have the fancy student counselors that you see in U.S.  Obviously with the rural farmers background, it was not the decision of my father but someone advised us that Sanskrit is the best option for me. There were two reasons for this choice.  The first reason was the students of Sanskrit get 50 percent concession in fees. The fee for a pre-degree student in the Govt. college I studied was fifteen rupees which is less than twenty five cents in U.S. Currency in 2015.  So by choosing Sanskrit as my main, my father saved Seven rupees and fifty paise per month, a big relief for a farmer whose income depended on the rain God. The second reason was more lucrative, I was eligible for a merit scholarship applicable only for Sanskrit students. My father very well knew the scholarship factor as I used to get one hundred fifty rupees in my high school every year and that too because I was studying in an Oriental School where Sanskrit is the main language instead of Malayalam. In college, the scholarship amount jumped to four hundred fifty rupees and I can't blame my father choosing my elective subject. The other allurement was the possibility of getting a job. Someone convinced my father that after pre-degree, his son can find a part time teacher's job in a School. The Government of the day sold the idea of promoting Sanskrit to the voters and a good amount of central fund was earmarked. Little did my father realize that mere eligibility will not guarantee his son a teacher's job in Kerala. Coming from one of the cursed upper castes, a government job was out of question. The next option is Private Schools,which is called management schools. The management school are not like the well managed missionary run convent schools. They are named management because of their ability to manage huge sums of money in selling jobs to the hapless aspirants. Teacher's jobs in management school used to be sold to the highest bidder in secret auctions. The price used to be thousands in those days and over 20 lakhs Rupees at present.

The financial situation and my own conviction not to bribe for job did not make me a Sanskrit teacher. I however, enjoyed studying Sanskrit. Though, I did not pursue a career in Sanskrit, Sanskrit helped me to understand the deep rooted culture of Indian Society. It gave me the opportunity to study the great works of Kalidasa. Sanskrit exposed me to the richness and beauty of Indian languages and appreciate the unity in diversity of our culture. 

जिह्वाग्रे वरतते लक्ष्मी

जिह्वाग्रे मित्र बान्धवाः l 

बन्धनम् चैव जिह्वाग्रे

जिह्वाग्रे मरणं ध्रुवम ll 

Onam and Pookalam - ഓണം & പൂക്കളം

ഇന്ന് ഓണം തിരുവോണം. പണ്ടെല്ലാം പൂവിളിയായിരുന്നു ഓണം വരുന്നു എന്നതിന് സൂജന. ഇപ്പോൾ ഫേസ് ബുക്ക്‌ , whatsapp ആ സ്ഥാനം പിടിച്ചടകി എന്ന് ഓണത്തിന്റെ ഒരു മാറ്റം. പൂവിളി ഇപ്പോൾ ഒരു പഴമൊഴി മാത്രമായി. 

ഒനാഘൊഷതിന്റെയ് മാറ്റങ്ങൾ ഇനിയുമുണ്ട് പലതും. അത്തം പത്തു തിരുവോണം എന്നാണല്ലോ പറയാറ്. അത്തം ദിവസം വീട്ടു മുറ്റങ്ങളിൽ പൂക്കളം ഇടാൻ തുടങ്ങും. ഓണം അടുക്കും തോറും വീട്ടിലെ കുട്ടികൾ തമ്മിൽ വാശിയേറിയ പൂക്കള മത്സരമായിരിക്കും. കൂടുകുടുംബമായി കഴിഞ്ഞിരുന്ന കാലത്ത് മത്സരത്തിനു ഇഷ്ടം പോലെ കുട്ടികളും  കാണും. പണ്ടെല്ലാം ഓണം മൂലം വരെ 7 ദിവസമാണ് പൂകളമിടുക. ഓണം പൂരാടതിനു, പൂക്കളമിടുന്ന സ്ഥാനത് പൂരാടക്കുട്ടിയുടെയ് പ്രതിഷ്ടക്ക് ശേഷം പൂക്കളം ഇടാറില്ല. തിരുവോണം നാളിൽ, പുലർച്ചെ കുളിച്ചു മഹാദേവരേ പ്രതിഷ്ടിക്കും. വലുതും ചെറുതുമായ 5 മൂർതികളാണ് തിരുവോണത്തിന് പ്രതിഷിടിക്കുക. തിരുവോണത്തിന് ശേഷം 4 ദിവസം കഴിഞ്ഞാണ് മൂർത്തികൾ എടുത്തു മാറ്റുന്നത്. പ്രതിഷ്ടക്ക് ശേഷം, മൂർത്തികൾ എടുത്തു മാറ്റുന്നത് വരെ 3 നേരം പൂജ ചെയ്യാറുണ്ട്. നേന്ത്രപ്പഴം, ശര്ക്കര, അവിൽ, മലര്, അപ്പം എന്നീ പദാർത്ഥങ്ങളാണ് നിവേദ്യമായി പൂജയിൽ എടുക്കുക പതിവ്. പ്രതിഷ്ഠ എന്റെ വീട്ടില് അച്ഛനാണ് ചെയ്യാറ്‌. അത് കഴിഞ്ഞുള്ള പൂജകൾ കുട്ടികല്ലെയ് ഏല്പിക്കും. ഈയിടെയായി പല വീടുകളിലും മഹാദേവരേ പതിഷ്ടിക്കുന്നതിനു പകരം പൂക്കളം തുടര്ന്നിടുന്നത് കാണാറുണ്ട്. ഇത് ഓണം ആഘോഷതിന്റെയ് മറ്റൊരു മാറ്റമായി കാണുന്നു.

ഓണ സദ്യയിലും ചില മാറ്റങ്ങൾ കാണുന്നു. ഓണത്തിന് പായസം പതിവില്ല. അടയാണ് തിരുവോണത്തിന് മദുര പലഹാരമായി ഉണ്ടാക്കരു. അരിമാവ് വാഴ ഇലയിൽ പരത്തി, സര്കര പാവ്, പൂവം പഴം, കല്കണ്ടം, തുമ്പ പൂവ് എന്നിവ ചേര്ത്, ഇല മടക്കി ആവിയിൽ വേവിചെടുക്കുന്നതാണ് അട. ഈ അടയാണ് മഹദെവർക്കു പ്രതിഷ്ടിക്കുമ്പോൾ നിവേദിക്കാര്. അട, പഴം നുറുക്ക്, നേന്ത്രൻ ഉപ്പേരി, പപ്പടം എന്നിവയാണ് തിരുവോണം നാളിൽ പ്രാതലിനു പലഹാരങ്ങൾ. ഉച്ച ഊണിനു പുത്തരി ചോറും, സാമ്പാർ, കാളൻ, ഓലൻ, എരിശ്ശേരി,ആവിയൽ, വടോപ്പുളി നാരങ്ങ ഉപ്പിലിട്ടത്‌,പുളിഎഞ്ചി,സര്കര ഉപ്പേരി,നേന്ത്രൻ ഉപ്പേരി, തോരൻ, പഴം, പപ്പടം, രസം,മോര് എന്നിവ വിഭവങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടാകാറുണ്ട്. തിരുവോണം ദിവസം മാംസാഹാരം പതിവില്ല. അവിട്ടതിനു അമ്മായിമാര് വിരുന്നു വരും, അപ്പോൾ ഇര്രച്ച്ഹിക്കറി, ഉണക്ക സ്രാവ് എന്നിവ വിഭവത്തിൽ കാണാറുണ്ട്. വീട്ടിലെ എല്ലാവരും കൂടിയാണ് പാചകം. ഒരിക്കലും അടുക്കളയില കയറാത്ത  അച്ഛൻ വകയാണ് കാളനും, അവിയലും.

ഉച്ച ഊണിനു ശേഷം പുരുഷന്മാര പന്ത് കളി, ആട്ടക്കളം എന്നെ കളികൾ പങ്കു ചേരും. സ്ത്രീകള് കൈകൊട്ടിക്കളി കൂട്ടം കൂടി കളിക്കും. വട്ടു കളി, കൊതിക്കല്ല് ആടുക, ഒളിച്ചു കളിക്കുക എന്നീ കളികളാണ് പെണ്‍കുട്ടികളുടെ പ്രധാന വിനോദം. രാത്രി സമയങ്ങളിൽ ചൂത് കളി, അക്ഷര ശ്ലോകം എന്നീ കളികൾ കണ്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇക്കാലത്ത് കളികളക് പകരം സിനിമ കാണാൻ പോകും. അതല്ലെങ്കിൽ tv യിൽ നല്ല സിനിമയോ, താരങ്ങളുമായുള്ള സംവാദമോ കണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നത് ഓണത്തിന്റെ വേറൊരു മാറ്റം. 

ഓണം നാളുകളിൽ പണ്ടൊന്നും വീട് വിട്ടു പോകാറില്ല. മാവേലി നമ്മളെ കാണാൻ വരുമ്പോൾ, വീട്ടിലുണ്ടാകുന്നത് ആധിധേയ മര്യാദ എന്നാണ് സങ്കൽപം. ഇവിടെയാണ് ഓണത്തിന്റെ മറ്റൊരു മാറ്റം. ഇക്കാലത്ത് ഓണം vacation സ്പെഷ്യൽ ടൂർ packages വങ്ങ്ഹി ഉല്ലാസ യാത്ര പോകുന്നത് കാണാറുണ്ട്. കാണം വിറ്റും ഓണം ഉണ്ണണം എന്നത് വീട് വിട്ടും ഓണം ഉണ്ണാം എന്നായോ എന്ന് വേണമെങ്കില മനസിലാക്കാം. 
                          പൂവേ പൊലി, പൂവേ പൊലി

Onam and Puthari

Onam, the biggest festival of Kerala is around the corner. People start worrying about the important items that makes Onam special. These are Puthar(rice), plantains, vegetables and of course new clothes. This worry is not new, it used to be there every year, at least ever since I have started realizing the importance of Onam.

Recently, I was browsing through my facebook news feed and one post caught my attention. The post written in Malayalam laments the likely shortage of rice in Kerala during Onam season. Rice is the main staple food of Keralites and an Onasadhya (feast) without rice is unimaginable for Keralites hence the hidden sarcasm by raising the chapathi ( a wheat product based staple) bandwagon.

During my childhood, wheat was only sold through the government run ration shops in Kerala. Wheat used to be a substitute for rice when rice is in short supply. Keralites were not equipped or trained on how to make good food out of wheat which may be the reason why keralites disliked wheat during those days. The general perception was those who buy food grains from ration shops are considered to be poor.  I could not make out why it is so but after a few visits to the ration shops in my village gave me the impression that it could be because of thHhe poor quality of grains sold through the ration shops.

My family was not included among those who could get rice or wheat from ration shops. In the eyes of the government, we were farmers who cultivated enough paddy for us thus no food grain entitlement. Ration cards were merely for 1 kilogram of sugar which rarely reached the card holders. Sugar and kerosene were always diverted to the black market.  One has
to make several rounds to the ration shop to be lucky to get their quota of sugar and kerosene. "Out of stock" used to be the standard message on the black stock board written with chalk. Kerosene was critical for light as there were no electricity in our village during those days. 

 The government also rated my father in the category of farmers on whom a levy was imposed on our paddy produce. A levy is a rule wherein the farmers are mandated to give a fixed amount of paddy produced per acre of land cultivated to the government. I do not recollect whether the government paid any price for it, I believe they did not as this was a kind of tax on the farmers. Virtually, the farmers had to pay levy to the Government and rent to the landlord which already is huge. The rent to landlord was set based on the notional yield and the farmer is bound to give the same quantity irrespective of how much was produced. All our land used to be rain fed and therefore in seasons of low rains or other crop damages, the farmers were left with very little after paying the levy and rent.

Coming back to the subject of how rice is important during Onam, I thought of reflecting my childhood memories.  Onam falls during the Malayalam Calendar month 'Chingham' which typically falls between August and September. Onam, is the biggest festival of Keralites. It is a ten day long festival. On thiruvonam day,  Keralites welcomes their Asura Chakravarthy (emperor) Maveli who was unseated by Vamana and send to Pathala(underground) to please the Devas. The belief is that Maveli requested Vamana permission to return to his ousted kingdom and meet his erstwhile subjects. Under the regime of Maveli, Kerala was prosperous, there were no crime or corruption and his subjects were prosperous and happy. Keralites wants to give the same feel of prosperity and happiness when their beloved chakravorty returns on his annual visit,hence the festivities.

Onam is also celebrated as the harvest festival in Kerala. Farmers in Kerala strive hard to ensure at least a portion of their paddy is harvested well before Onam. Puthari (rice from the new harvest) is auspicious in the Onam feast. Those whose paddy is not ripe for harvesting before Onam, they barter something else for Puthari. Not ready for harvest is not regarded as a good omen by farmers. However, this situation was not uncommon as agriculture used to be completely weather dependent and harvest can be delayed due to late sowing of paddy. The farmers employ multiple strategy to avoid a delayed harvest. We used to sow paddy of different varieties, a combination of seeds based on length of time to harvest, dry and wet farming etc. Modan, a black colored skin, is a variety of paddy usually targeted for harvest before Onam. This variety of paddy is good for dry lands and was usually cultivated in hilly areas. The land used for this is not cultivated every year. As far as I recollect, there were five locations we used to cultivate this variety of Paddy and each site get its turn once in five years. The other four years this land is left uncultivated to get fertile for next turn. All farmers will have their earmarked portion in each location. Preparation for sowing Modan starts in December time frame. Land is ploughed(tilled) thoroughly in December. Another round of ploughing takes place if summer rain is received. My father used to tell us that ploughing the land in summer reduces weeds. Weed grass roots are picked and burned. Dry leaves is spread and burnt as well. The ashes of leaves is good fertilizer for paddy. Actual sowing starts in April -May and is ready for harvesting in August, well before Onam.

I wrote this story how farmers ensured rice in their in their Onasadhya(feast). They were not lamenting in social media and waiting for rice from Andhra and Vegetable from Tamil Nadu to arrive. Tireless efforts ensured Puthari for the farmers and others during Onam. Today the situation is alarming in Kerala. Cultivable land is significantly reduced by converting it into commercial, residential and plantation use. The remaining farms are either converted into cash crops or left uncultivated. Land which were used to cultivate 3 seasons in a year is hardly cultivated once year. This is a national wastage and shame. The un-farmer friendly rules of the government and rising cost of cultivation is forcing farmers to leave their land uncultivated. So, there is no wonder if Keralites are forced to substitute chapati in place of rice in their Onasadhya. 
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